@article{0361c1dcfd7743de9010bd8086c9c17c,
title = "Changing nutrient cycling in Lake Baikal, the world{\textquoteright}s oldest lake",
abstract = "Lake Baikal, lying in a rift zone in southeastern Siberia, is the world{\textquoteright}s oldest, deepest, and most voluminous lake that began to form over 30 million years ago. Cited as the “most outstanding example of a freshwater ecosystem” and designated a World Heritage Site in 1996 due to its high level of endemicity, the lake and its ecosystem have become increasingly threatened by both climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we present a record of nutrient cycling in the lake, derived from the silicon isotope composition of diatoms, which dominate aquatic primary productivity. Using historical records from the region, we assess the extent to which natural and anthropogenic factors have altered biogeochemical cycling in the lake over the last 2,000 y. We show that rates of nutrient supply from deep waters to the photic zone have dramatically increased since the mid-19th century in response to changing wind dynamics, reduced ice cover, and their associated impact on limnological processes in the lake. With stressors linked to untreated sewage and catchment development also now impacting the near-shore region of Lake Baikal, the resilience of the lake{\textquoteright}s highly endemic ecosystem to ongoing and future disturbance is increasingly uncertain.",
keywords = "Climate, Ecosystem, Endemic, Limnology, Siberia",
author = "G.E.A. Swann and V.N. Panizzo and S. Piccolroaz and V. Pashley and M.S.A. Horstwood and S. Roberts and E. Vologina and N. Piotrowska and M. Sturm and A. Zhdanov and N. Granin and C. Norman and S. McGowan and A.W. Mackay",
note = "CODEN: PNASA Chemicals/CAS: silicon, 7440-21-3 Funding details: Natural Environment Research Council, NERC, 0345-2019-0008, NE/J007765/1, NE/J00829X/1, NE/J010227/1 Funding details: Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, SB RAS Funding text 1: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. This work was supported by Natural Environment Research Council Grants NE/J00829X/1, NE/J010227/1, and NE/J007765/1, and the ice data project (0345-2019-0008) funded by the Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. We are indebted to the assistance of Nikolaj M. Budnev (Irkutsk State University) and Dmitry Gladkochub (Institute of the Earth{\textquoteright}s Crust) in facilitating and organizing all fieldwork, as well as Neil Rose and Handong Yang who carried out the 210Pb dating at the University College London Environmental Radiometric Facility. A final thanks is given to the two anonymous reviewers, whose comments significantly improved the manuscript. Funding text 2: This work was supported by Natural Environment Research Council Grants NE/J00829X/1, NE/J010227/1, and NE/J007765/1, and the ice data project (0345-2019-0008) funded by the Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. We are indebted to the assistance of Nikolaj M. Budnev (Irkutsk State University) and Dmitry Gladkochub (Institute of the Earth?s Crust) in facilitating and organizing all fieldwork, as well as Neil Rose and Handong Yang who carried out the 210Pb dating at the University College London Environmental Radiometric Facility. A final thanks is given to the two anonymous reviewers, whose comments significantly improved the manuscript.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.2013181117",
language = "English",
volume = "117",
pages = "27211--27217",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "44",
}