code from: Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines

TY - ADVS

T1 - code from: Eoldist, a Web Application for Estimating Cautionary Detection Distance of Birds by Automatic Detection Systems to Reduce Collisions With Wind Turbines

A2 - Fluhr, Julie

A2 - Duriez, Olivier

A2 - Blary, Constance

A2 - Chambert, Thierry

A2 - Almasi, Bettina

A2 - Byholm, Patrik

A2 - Buitendijk, N.H.

A2 - Champagnon, Jocelyn

A2 - Dagys, Mindaugas

A2 - Fiedler, Wolfgang

A2 - Francesiaz, Charlotte

A2 - Jiguet, Frédéric

A2 - Lee, Simon

A2 - Millon, Alexandre

A2 - Monti, Flavio

A2 - Morcelet, Lucile

A2 - Nathan, Ran

A2 - Nolet, B.A.

A2 - Nuijten, Rascha

A2 - Pilard, Philippe

A2 - Ponchon, Cécile

A2 - Roulin, Alexandre

A2 - Santos, Carlos D.

A2 - Spiegel, Orr

A2 - Schalcher, Kim

A2 - De Seynes, Aurélie

A2 - Spanoghe, Geert

A2 - Wikelski, Martin

A2 - Žydelis, Ramūnas

A2 - Besnard, Aurélien

PY - 2023/1/20

Y1 - 2023/1/20

N2 - The installation of automatic detection systems (ADSs) on operating wind energy facilities is a mitigation measure to reduce bird collisions. The effectiveness of an ADS depends on a combination of parameters, including the detection distance of the bird, its flight speed, and the time to complete the chosen action (e.g., turbine shutdown). We created a web application, Eoldist, to calculate cautionary detection distances required by an ADS, using bird flight speed and turbine shutdown time as input parameters. We compiled a database of the flight speeds of 168 Western Palearctic birds from a review of scientific literature supplemented by an analysis of unpublished GPS-tracking datasets. To estimate turbine shutdown time, we conducted 137 field trials of experimental shutdown at seven wind farms and found that the duration to reach residual rotor speeds of 3 or 2 rotations per minute (rpm) was respectively 32.2 or 38.8 s on average. Based on this data, Eoldist allows the user to select a species from the database, wind turbine characteristics, and a residual rotor speed (3 or 2 rpm); it then calculates the time to reach the selected threshold and provides a distribution curve for the cautionary detection distance needed to prevent collision. This article includes examples of cautionary detection distances required for several species to demonstrate the sensitivity of key input parameters. Eoldist is freely available and should help the wind energy industry, ADS suppliers, and environmental agencies to define requirements for ADS bird detection that are compatible with the biology of the target species.

AB - The installation of automatic detection systems (ADSs) on operating wind energy facilities is a mitigation measure to reduce bird collisions. The effectiveness of an ADS depends on a combination of parameters, including the detection distance of the bird, its flight speed, and the time to complete the chosen action (e.g., turbine shutdown). We created a web application, Eoldist, to calculate cautionary detection distances required by an ADS, using bird flight speed and turbine shutdown time as input parameters. We compiled a database of the flight speeds of 168 Western Palearctic birds from a review of scientific literature supplemented by an analysis of unpublished GPS-tracking datasets. To estimate turbine shutdown time, we conducted 137 field trials of experimental shutdown at seven wind farms and found that the duration to reach residual rotor speeds of 3 or 2 rotations per minute (rpm) was respectively 32.2 or 38.8 s on average. Based on this data, Eoldist allows the user to select a species from the database, wind turbine characteristics, and a residual rotor speed (3 or 2 rpm); it then calculates the time to reach the selected threshold and provides a distribution curve for the cautionary detection distance needed to prevent collision. This article includes examples of cautionary detection distances required for several species to demonstrate the sensitivity of key input parameters. Eoldist is freely available and should help the wind energy industry, ADS suppliers, and environmental agencies to define requirements for ADS bird detection that are compatible with the biology of the target species.

M3 - Software

PB - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

ER -