Critical transitions and evolutionary hysteresis in movement: Habitat fragmentation can cause abrupt shifts in dispersal that are difficult to revert

TY - JOUR

T1 - Critical transitions and evolutionary hysteresis in movement

T2 - Habitat fragmentation can cause abrupt shifts in dispersal that are difficult to revert

AU - de Jager, Monique

AU - Soons, Merel

N1 - Data archiving: no NIOO data

PY - 2023/5

Y1 - 2023/5

N2 - Under habitat fragmentation, plant species' survival hinges on the ability of individuals to disperse from one habitat patch to another. While there is evidence that severe habitat fragmentation leads to evolution of reduced dispersal ability and that such decreased mobility is generally detrimental for species' survival, it is unknown whether species adapt via a gradual loss in dispersal ability or via a sudden shift from frequent to infrequent dispersal between patches (i.e., a critical transition). Using both a spatially explicit deterministic and individual-based stochastic model of hydrochorous seed dispersal, we show that a small increase in inter-patch distance can generate an abrupt shift in plant seed dispersal strategy from long to short distances. Most importantly, we found that a substantial increase in connectivity between habitat fragments is required to reverse this loss of long-distance dispersal, due to an evolutionary hysteresis effect. Our theory prompts for re-consideration of the eco-evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation as restoring habitat connectivity may require restoration of much higher connectivity levels than currently assumed.

AB - Under habitat fragmentation, plant species' survival hinges on the ability of individuals to disperse from one habitat patch to another. While there is evidence that severe habitat fragmentation leads to evolution of reduced dispersal ability and that such decreased mobility is generally detrimental for species' survival, it is unknown whether species adapt via a gradual loss in dispersal ability or via a sudden shift from frequent to infrequent dispersal between patches (i.e., a critical transition). Using both a spatially explicit deterministic and individual-based stochastic model of hydrochorous seed dispersal, we show that a small increase in inter-patch distance can generate an abrupt shift in plant seed dispersal strategy from long to short distances. Most importantly, we found that a substantial increase in connectivity between habitat fragments is required to reverse this loss of long-distance dispersal, due to an evolutionary hysteresis effect. Our theory prompts for re-consideration of the eco-evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation as restoring habitat connectivity may require restoration of much higher connectivity levels than currently assumed.

KW - eco-evolutionary dynamics

KW - local dispersal

KW - long-distance dispersal

KW - movement strategies

KW - restoration

KW - seed dispersal

U2 - 10.1002/ece3.10147

DO - 10.1002/ece3.10147

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85160801779

SN - 2045-7758

VL - 13

JO - Ecology and Evolution

JF - Ecology and Evolution

IS - 5

M1 - e10147

ER -