TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental exposure to pesticides and the risk of Parkinson's disease in the Netherlands
AU - Brouwer, M.
AU - Huss, A.
AU - van der Mark, Marianne
AU - Nijssen, P. C. G.
AU - Mulleners, W. M.
AU - Sas, A. M. G.
AU - van Laar, T.
AU - de Snoo, G. R.
AU - Kromhout, H.
AU - Vermeulen, R. C. H.
N1 - ISI Document Delivery No.: FD4GZ Times Cited: 20 Cited Reference Count: 31 Brouwer, Maartje Huss, Anke van der Mark, Marianne Nijssen, Peter C. G. Mulleners, Wim M. Sas, Antonetta M. G. van Laar, Teus de Snoo, Geert R. Kromhout, Hans Vermeulen, Roel C. H. Kromhout, Hans/A-9159-2008 Kromhout, Hans/0000-0002-4233-1890; van Laar, Teus/0000-0001-5088-480X Stichting Internationaal Parkinson Fonds, The Netherlands [2007-18] This work was supported by Stichting Internationaal Parkinson Fonds, The Netherlands [2007-18]. 20 3 24 Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford 1873-6750
<Go to ISI>://WOS:000407490900012
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Background: Exposure to pesticides has been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), although associations between specific pesticides and PD have not been well studied. Residents of rural areas can be exposed through environmental drift and volatilization of agricultural pesticides. Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the association between lifetime environmental exposure to individual pesticides and the risk of PD, in a national case-control study. Methods: Environmental exposure to pesticides was estimated using a spatio-temporal model, based on agricultural crops around the residential address. Distance up to 100 m from the residence was considered most relevant, considering pesticide drift potential of application methods used in the Netherlands. Exposure estimates were generated for 157 pesticides, used during the study period, of which four (i.e. paraquat, maneb, lindane, benomyl) were considered a priori relevant for PD. Results: A total of 352 PD cases and 607 hospital-based controls were included. No significant associations with PD were found for the a priori pesticides. In a hypothesis generating analysis, including 153 pesticides, increased risk of PD was found for 21 pesticides, mainly used on cereals and potatoes. Results were suggestive for an association between bulb cultivation and PD. Conclusions: For paraquat, risk estimates for the highest cumulative exposure tertile were in line with previously reported elevated risks. Increased risk of PD was observed for exposure to (a cluster of) pesticides used on rotating crops. High correlations limited our ability to identify individual pesticides responsible for this association. This study provides some evidence for an association between environmental exposure to specific pesticides and the risk of PD, and generates new leads for further epidemiological and mechanistic research.
AB - Background: Exposure to pesticides has been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), although associations between specific pesticides and PD have not been well studied. Residents of rural areas can be exposed through environmental drift and volatilization of agricultural pesticides. Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the association between lifetime environmental exposure to individual pesticides and the risk of PD, in a national case-control study. Methods: Environmental exposure to pesticides was estimated using a spatio-temporal model, based on agricultural crops around the residential address. Distance up to 100 m from the residence was considered most relevant, considering pesticide drift potential of application methods used in the Netherlands. Exposure estimates were generated for 157 pesticides, used during the study period, of which four (i.e. paraquat, maneb, lindane, benomyl) were considered a priori relevant for PD. Results: A total of 352 PD cases and 607 hospital-based controls were included. No significant associations with PD were found for the a priori pesticides. In a hypothesis generating analysis, including 153 pesticides, increased risk of PD was found for 21 pesticides, mainly used on cereals and potatoes. Results were suggestive for an association between bulb cultivation and PD. Conclusions: For paraquat, risk estimates for the highest cumulative exposure tertile were in line with previously reported elevated risks. Increased risk of PD was observed for exposure to (a cluster of) pesticides used on rotating crops. High correlations limited our ability to identify individual pesticides responsible for this association. This study provides some evidence for an association between environmental exposure to specific pesticides and the risk of PD, and generates new leads for further epidemiological and mechanistic research.
KW - Environmental exposure Pesticides Parkinson's Disease Case-control study residential exposure california crop Environmental Sciences & Ecology
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.001
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.001
M3 - Article
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 107
SP - 100
EP - 110
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
ER -