@article{094b8e4dfe994b2aa26607df9141a70a,
title = "Field cricket genome reveals the footprint of recent, abrupt adaptation in the wild: Letter",
abstract = "Abstract Evolutionary adaptation is generally thought to occur through incremental mutational steps, but large mutational leaps can occur during its early stages. These are challenging to study in nature due to the difficulty of observing new genetic variants as they arise and spread, but characterizing their genomic dynamics is important for understanding factors favoring rapid adaptation. Here, we report genomic consequences of recent, adaptive song loss in a Hawaiian population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). A discrete genetic variant, flatwing, appeared and spread approximately 15 years ago. Flatwing erases sound-producing veins on male wings. These silent flatwing males are protected from a lethal, eavesdropping parasitoid fly. We sequenced, assembled and annotated the cricket genome, produced a linkage map, and identified a flatwing quantitative trait locus covering a large region of the X chromosome. Gene expression profiling showed that flatwing is associated with extensive genome-wide effects on embryonic gene expression. We found that flatwing male crickets express feminized chemical pheromones. This male feminizing effect, on a different sexual signaling modality, is genetically associated with the flatwing genotype. Our findings suggest that the early stages of evolutionary adaptation to extreme pressures can be accompanied by greater genomic and phenotypic disruption than previously appreciated, and highlight how abrupt adaptation might involve suites of traits that arise through pleiotropy or genomic hitchhiking.",
keywords = "international, feminization, genomics, rapid evolution, sexual signaling, trait loss, Adaptation, Plan_S-Compliant_OA",
author = "Sonia Pascoal and Risse, {Judith E.} and Xiao Zhang and Mark Blaxter and Timothee Cezard and Challis, {Richard J.} and Karim Gharbi and John Hunt and Sujai Kumar and Emma Langan and Xuan Liu and Rayner, {Jack G.} and Ritchie, {Michael G.} and Snoek, {Basten L.} and Urmi Trivedi and Bailey, {Nathan W.}",
note = "6903, AnE; Data Archiving: data archived at ENA en Chirpbase (not NIOO data) Impact Summary What are the genomic consequences of extremely rapid evolution in the wild? The adaptive evolutionary loss of male song in Hawaiian field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) protects silent “flatwing” males from a lethal eavesdropping parasitoid fly, and invasion and spread of genetic variants causing silence was observed to occur over approximately 20 generations in a population on the island of Kauai and now appears to be fixed. To investigate the genomic and phenotypic consequences of this abrupt bout of adaptation, we first sequenced, assembled, and annotated the cricket genome – the first annotated reference genome for a field cricket. To provide a genomic resource for future work in crickets and allied taxa, we created a new, open‐access genome browser and database for crickets and katydids (www.chirpbase.org) and curated our data and scripts in it. Using RAD‐seq, we then constructed a high‐density linkage map for the species and found that the variant or variants causing flatwing are localized to a large region of the X chromosome, consistent with widespread genomic hitchiking. We performed gene expression analysis of embryonic crickets and found that flatwing is genetically associated with genome‐wide regulatory disruption during development. We quantified variation in another sexual signal, chemical pheromones, and discovered that flatwing is also strongly genetically associated with male pheromone feminization. Our findings illustrate how strong, widespread genetic and phenotypic effects can accompany the rapid emergence and spread of adaptive variants during the very earliest stages of rapid adaptation, and demonstrate how suites of traits that characterize alternative sexual polymorphisms might arise through pleiotropy or genomic hitchhiking following such genomic alteration.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1002/evl3.148",
language = "English",
volume = "Online",
pages = "19--33",
journal = "Evolution Letters",
issn = "2475-0328",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
}