Linking above- and belowground multitrophic interactions of plants, herbivores, pathogens, and their antagonists

W.H. Van der Putten; L.E.M. Vet; J.A. Harvey; F.L. Wäckers

doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02265-0

Linking above- and belowground multitrophic interactions of plants, herbivores, pathogens, and their antagonists

W.H. Van der Putten, L.E.M. Vet, J.A. Harvey, F.L. Wäckers

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Abstract

Plants function in a complex multitrophic environment. Most multitrophic studies, however, have almost exclusively focused on aboveground interactions, generally neglecting the fact that above- and belowground organisms interact. The spatial and temporal dynamics of above- and belowground herbivores, plant pathogens, and their antagonists, can differ in space and time. This affects the temporal interaction strengths and impacts of above- and belowground higher trophic level organisms on plants. Combining both above- and belowground compartments in studies of multitrophic interactions throughout the life cycle of plants will improve our understanding of ecology and evolution in the real world. [KEYWORDS: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; biological-control; natural enemies; populations; resistance; challenges; responses; evolution; patterns; defense]

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	547-554
Journal	Trends in Ecology & Evolution
Volume	16
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02265-0
Publication status	Published - 2001

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abstract = "Plants function in a complex multitrophic environment. Most multitrophic studies, however, have almost exclusively focused on aboveground interactions, generally neglecting the fact that above- and belowground organisms interact. The spatial and temporal dynamics of above- and belowground herbivores, plant pathogens, and their antagonists, can differ in space and time. This affects the temporal interaction strengths and impacts of above- and belowground higher trophic level organisms on plants. Combining both above- and belowground compartments in studies of multitrophic interactions throughout the life cycle of plants will improve our understanding of ecology and evolution in the real world. [KEYWORDS: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; biological-control; natural enemies; populations; resistance; challenges; responses; evolution; patterns; defense]",

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AU - Harvey, J.A.

AU - Wäckers, F.L.

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N2 - Plants function in a complex multitrophic environment. Most multitrophic studies, however, have almost exclusively focused on aboveground interactions, generally neglecting the fact that above- and belowground organisms interact. The spatial and temporal dynamics of above- and belowground herbivores, plant pathogens, and their antagonists, can differ in space and time. This affects the temporal interaction strengths and impacts of above- and belowground higher trophic level organisms on plants. Combining both above- and belowground compartments in studies of multitrophic interactions throughout the life cycle of plants will improve our understanding of ecology and evolution in the real world. [KEYWORDS: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; biological-control; natural enemies; populations; resistance; challenges; responses; evolution; patterns; defense]

AB - Plants function in a complex multitrophic environment. Most multitrophic studies, however, have almost exclusively focused on aboveground interactions, generally neglecting the fact that above- and belowground organisms interact. The spatial and temporal dynamics of above- and belowground herbivores, plant pathogens, and their antagonists, can differ in space and time. This affects the temporal interaction strengths and impacts of above- and belowground higher trophic level organisms on plants. Combining both above- and belowground compartments in studies of multitrophic interactions throughout the life cycle of plants will improve our understanding of ecology and evolution in the real world. [KEYWORDS: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; biological-control; natural enemies; populations; resistance; challenges; responses; evolution; patterns; defense]

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JO - Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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Linking above- and belowground multitrophic interactions of plants, herbivores, pathogens, and their antagonists

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