@article{96bbb95c10944e4ab43c0574862ca34b,
title = "Rapid Expansion of Oil Palm Is Leading to Human-Elephant Conflicts in North Kalimantan Province of Indonesia",
abstract = "Crop raiding by Bornean elephants (Elephas maximus borneensis) is increasing rapidly in North Kalimantan, mainly due to a rapid conversion of swiddens and secondary forest into oil palm plantations. In the Tulin Onsoi subdistrict, the area used by oil palm plantations has grown from 3,302.71 ha in 2001 to 21,124.93 ha in 2014. Particularly from 2006 to 2010, the area covered by oil palm plantations increased rapidly (418%). Preventing further encroachment of oil palm plantations in elephant habitat and regulating land use change are keys to stop further population declines and make way for the reestablishment of a viable elephant population in Kalimantan. Crop raiding is a strong determinant of the local people's perceptions of elephants and risks eroding cultural values that enabled people to coexist with elephants. People's perception and attitude toward elephants are generally negative. Nevertheless, negative attitudes have not led to cases of retaliation in the Tulin Onsoi subdistrict. Public education at the community level could strengthen cultural values and foster coexistence between humans and elephants.",
keywords = "Bornean elephant North Kalimantan oil palm human-elephant conflict crop raiding human-elephant coexistence kambas-national-park asian elephants east kalimantan sri-lanka conservation sumatra patterns maximus forest perceptions Biodiversity & Conservation",
author = "Suba, {R. B.} and {van der Ploeg}, J. and {van't Zelfde}, M. and Lau, {Y. W.} and Wissingh, {T. F.} and W. Kustiawan and {de Snoo}, {G. R.} and {de Iongh}, {H. H.}",
note = "ISI Document Delivery No.: FG1CK Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 49 Suba, Rachmat B. van der Ploeg, Jan van't Zelfde, Maarten Lau, Yee Wah Wissingh, Thomas F. Kustiawan, Wawan de Snoo, Geert R. de Iongh, Hans H. van der Ploeg, Jan/AAD-5179-2019 van der Ploeg, Jan/0000-0001-7099-4002; Kustiawan, Wawan/0000-0002-0249-4644 Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, The NetherlandsNetherlands Government; Indonesian Ministry of National Education and Culture (DIKTI scholarship/DGHE (Directorate General of Higher Education)) The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors would like to thank Indonesian Ministry of National Education and Culture (through DIKTI scholarship/DGHE (Directorate General of Higher Education) and Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, The Netherlands for supporting the study and providing a doctoral scholarship and a completion scholarship for Rachmat B. Suba. This project was also partially supported by funds to Rachmat B. Suba from NEF (Nagao Environmental Foundation), Japan. 1 5 24 Sage publications inc Thousand oaks <Go to ISI>://WOS:000409530000001",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1177/1940082917703508",
language = "English",
volume = "10",
pages = "1--12",
journal = "Tropical Conservation Science",
issn = "1940-0829",
publisher = "SAGE Publications",
}