Simulated heatwave conditions associated with global warming affect development and competition between hyperparasitoids

TY - JOUR

T1 - Simulated heatwave conditions associated with global warming affect development and competition between hyperparasitoids

AU - Chen, Cong

AU - Donner, S. Helena

AU - Biere, Arjen

AU - Gols, Rieta

AU - Harvey, Jeffrey A.

N1 - 6798, TE; Data archiving: data archived in Dryad

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Anthropogenic global warming and attendant effects like heatwaves affect the biology and ecology of both individuals and species within and across different trophic levels. Here, we examined the effects of a simulated heatwave on development of and competition between two hyperparasitoid wasps, Lysibia nana and Acrolyta nens when attacking the same host, cocoons of the primary parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata. Parasitized hosts were exposed to three different day and night temperature regimes (low, medium and high) that reflect cool, normal and heatwave conditions in the Netherlands. We found that higher temperatures decreased survival to eclosion more strongly in the hyperparasitoids than in their host. Heatwave conditions also shortened development time and led to the production of smaller adult wasps of both hyperparasitoid species in singly parasitized hosts. In multiparasitized hosts, L. nana won most of the contests when it oviposited first, irrespective of the time interval between the first and second parasitism, whereas A. nens only dominated when it had a 24 h head start or longer. Most importantly, our results show that L. nana in particular benefited in competition at higher temperatures, perhaps due to an increase in the metabolic rate and more rapid egg and/or larval development. This may potentially reduce opportunities for coexistence following heat waves. Our results suggest that heatwaves associated with global warming will enhance the rate of development, but negatively affect survival and other fitness-related traits in (hyper)parasitoids. Moreover, the outcome of larval competition may be determined via physiological responses that are species-specific and thus influence phenology.

AB - Anthropogenic global warming and attendant effects like heatwaves affect the biology and ecology of both individuals and species within and across different trophic levels. Here, we examined the effects of a simulated heatwave on development of and competition between two hyperparasitoid wasps, Lysibia nana and Acrolyta nens when attacking the same host, cocoons of the primary parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata. Parasitized hosts were exposed to three different day and night temperature regimes (low, medium and high) that reflect cool, normal and heatwave conditions in the Netherlands. We found that higher temperatures decreased survival to eclosion more strongly in the hyperparasitoids than in their host. Heatwave conditions also shortened development time and led to the production of smaller adult wasps of both hyperparasitoid species in singly parasitized hosts. In multiparasitized hosts, L. nana won most of the contests when it oviposited first, irrespective of the time interval between the first and second parasitism, whereas A. nens only dominated when it had a 24 h head start or longer. Most importantly, our results show that L. nana in particular benefited in competition at higher temperatures, perhaps due to an increase in the metabolic rate and more rapid egg and/or larval development. This may potentially reduce opportunities for coexistence following heat waves. Our results suggest that heatwaves associated with global warming will enhance the rate of development, but negatively affect survival and other fitness-related traits in (hyper)parasitoids. Moreover, the outcome of larval competition may be determined via physiological responses that are species-specific and thus influence phenology.

KW - Acrolyta nens, climate warming, Cotesia glomerata, host-parasitoid interactions intrinsic competition

KW - Lysibia nana

KW - temperature

KW - national

KW - Acrolyta nens

KW - host–parasitoid interactions intrinsic competition

KW - Cotesia glomerata

KW - climate warming

UR - https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.34g9b66

U2 - 10.1111/oik.06538

DO - 10.1111/oik.06538

M3 - Article

SN - 0030-1299

VL - 128

SP - 1783

EP - 1792

JO - Oikos

JF - Oikos

IS - 12

ER -