TY - JOUR
T1 - Single-cell expression analyses during cellular reprogramming reveal an early stochastic and a late hierarchic phase
AU - Buganim, Y.
AU - Faddah, D.A.
AU - Cheng, A.W.
AU - Itskovich, E.
AU - Markoulaki, S.
AU - Ganz, K.
AU - Klemm, S.L.
AU - van Oudenaarden, A.
AU - Jaenisch, R.
N1 - Reporting year: 2012
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - During cellular reprogramming, only a small fraction of cells become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Previous analyses of gene expression during reprogramming were based on populations of cells, impeding single-cell level identification of reprogramming events. We utilized two gene expression technologies to profile 48 genes in single cells at various stages during the reprogramming process. Analysis of early stages revealed considerable variation in gene expression between cells in contrast to late stages. Expression of Esrrb, Utf1, Lin28, and Dppa2 is a better predictor for cells to progress into iPSCs than expression of the previously suggested reprogramming markers Fbxo15, Fgf4, and Oct4. Stochastic gene expression early in reprogramming is followed by a late hierarchical phase with Sox2 being the upstream factor in a gene expression hierarchy. Finally, downstream factors derived from the late phase, which do not include Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog, can activate the pluripotency circuitry.
AB - During cellular reprogramming, only a small fraction of cells become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Previous analyses of gene expression during reprogramming were based on populations of cells, impeding single-cell level identification of reprogramming events. We utilized two gene expression technologies to profile 48 genes in single cells at various stages during the reprogramming process. Analysis of early stages revealed considerable variation in gene expression between cells in contrast to late stages. Expression of Esrrb, Utf1, Lin28, and Dppa2 is a better predictor for cells to progress into iPSCs than expression of the previously suggested reprogramming markers Fbxo15, Fgf4, and Oct4. Stochastic gene expression early in reprogramming is followed by a late hierarchical phase with Sox2 being the upstream factor in a gene expression hierarchy. Finally, downstream factors derived from the late phase, which do not include Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog, can activate the pluripotency circuitry.
U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.023
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.023
M3 - Article
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 150
SP - 1209
EP - 1222
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 6
ER -