TY - JOUR
T1 - Anoxic survival of Macoma balthica: the effect of antibiotics, molybdate and sulphide
AU - De Zwaan, A.
AU - Schaub, B.
AU - Babarro, J.M.F.
N1 - Reporting year: 2001
Metis note: 2687; CEME; MM; file:///L:/Endnotedatabases/NIOOPUB/pdfs/Pdfs2001/DeZwaan_ea_2687.pdf
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - In anoxic semi-closed systems, the survival time of the clam Macoma balthica was compared to clams which were incubated in the presence of several antibiotics (chloramphenicol, 5- oxytetracycline hydrochloride, penicillin, streptomycin. a mix of penicillin and streptomycin and a mix of chloramphenicol, polymyxin, neomycin and penicillin), sulphide and chloramphenicol at pH 6.8 and 8.2 and molybdate (specific inhibitor of the process of sulphate reduction). The aim was to detect maximum survival times of this clam and indications for the cause of mortality under the conditions tested. Median survival time (LT50) of the clam was: 4.8 days (at 19 degreesC) in incubations without any addition. Added sulphide (200 muM) decreased survival time. At pH 8.2, LT50 decreased by 20.8% and at pH 6.8 by 35.2%. However. added molybdate, which suppressed biotic sulphide formation, did not improve survival time (LT50 = 4.4 days). Biotic sulphide probably did not speed up mortality rate, but indicated excessive growth of sulphate reducing bacteria once mortality started. The presence of different antibiotics increased significantly survival time (LT50) from 8.9 to 14.9 days. Qualitative estimations were made of the numbers of bacteria present in the systems. Compared to a seawater control, highest numbers were observed in the incubation of clams without additions and in the presence of molybdate. Nevertheless, due to the presence of molybdate, bacteria numbers were significantly lower. However, very low numbers of bacteria were observed in the incubations of clams in the presence of chloramphenicol. These data demonstrated that the presence and proliferation of bacteria was probably the cause of death of the clams. [KEYWORDS: anoxia; antibiotics; bivalves; molybdate; sulphide mortality Hydrogen-sulfide; invertebrates; toxicity]
AB - In anoxic semi-closed systems, the survival time of the clam Macoma balthica was compared to clams which were incubated in the presence of several antibiotics (chloramphenicol, 5- oxytetracycline hydrochloride, penicillin, streptomycin. a mix of penicillin and streptomycin and a mix of chloramphenicol, polymyxin, neomycin and penicillin), sulphide and chloramphenicol at pH 6.8 and 8.2 and molybdate (specific inhibitor of the process of sulphate reduction). The aim was to detect maximum survival times of this clam and indications for the cause of mortality under the conditions tested. Median survival time (LT50) of the clam was: 4.8 days (at 19 degreesC) in incubations without any addition. Added sulphide (200 muM) decreased survival time. At pH 8.2, LT50 decreased by 20.8% and at pH 6.8 by 35.2%. However. added molybdate, which suppressed biotic sulphide formation, did not improve survival time (LT50 = 4.4 days). Biotic sulphide probably did not speed up mortality rate, but indicated excessive growth of sulphate reducing bacteria once mortality started. The presence of different antibiotics increased significantly survival time (LT50) from 8.9 to 14.9 days. Qualitative estimations were made of the numbers of bacteria present in the systems. Compared to a seawater control, highest numbers were observed in the incubation of clams without additions and in the presence of molybdate. Nevertheless, due to the presence of molybdate, bacteria numbers were significantly lower. However, very low numbers of bacteria were observed in the incubations of clams in the presence of chloramphenicol. These data demonstrated that the presence and proliferation of bacteria was probably the cause of death of the clams. [KEYWORDS: anoxia; antibiotics; bivalves; molybdate; sulphide mortality Hydrogen-sulfide; invertebrates; toxicity]
U2 - 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00318-X
DO - 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00318-X
M3 - Article
SN - 0022-0981
VL - 256
SP - 241
EP - 251
JO - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
JF - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
IS - 2
ER -