Carbon and nutrient cycling in organic agriculture: a chronosequence approach

Sophie van Rijssel; G.J. Koorneef; Gijs Koetsenruijter; Mels Schrama; W.H. van der Putten; Ciska G.F. Veen

Carbon and nutrient cycling in organic agriculture: a chronosequence approach

Sophie van Rijssel, G.J. Koorneef, Gijs Koetsenruijter, Mels Schrama, W.H. van der Putten, Ciska G.F. Veen

NIOO - Terrestrial Ecology (TE)

Onderzoeksoutput: Bijdrage aan conferentie › Abstract › Wetenschappelijk

Samenvatting

A key challenge is to increase sustainability in agriculture without yield loss. Organic agriculture uses no chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Instead, yield depends on nutrients released from organic inputs, and thereby on soil communities that drive soil carbon and nutrient cycling. However, these soil communities may need time to establish, resulting in lower yields during the beginning of this conversion. How carbon and nutrient cycling change during the conversion from conventional to organic agriculture is not well understood, but it may help us to understand, and eventually reduce, the yield gap. Here, we studied how carbon and nitrogen cycling change when converting conventional agricultural systems into organic agricultural systems. We used a hronosequence
approach, where we collected soil samples from 37 organic fields, on both sand and clay soils, that have been converted from conventional to organic agriculture between 1 to 40 years ago and from neighboring conventional fields. Under controlled conditions we measured potential rates of carbon and nitrogen mineralization. Potential carbon mineralization and substrate induced respiration were higher in organic soils, but there was no effect of time since conversion. This might be explained by variation in abiotic factors such as soil organic
matter content. We use our data to unravel how fast ecosystem processes change after the conversion of conventional into organic farming systems. Our findings will yield important insights how the performance of soil communities is changed during transition and this will help us to understand changes in crop yield.

Originele taal-2	Engels
Status	Gepubliceerd - jun. 2018

Citeer dit

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title = "Carbon and nutrient cycling in organic agriculture: a chronosequence approach",

abstract = "A key challenge is to increase sustainability in agriculture without yield loss. Organic agriculture uses no chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Instead, yield depends on nutrients released from organic inputs, and thereby on soil communities that drive soil carbon and nutrient cycling. However, these soil communities may need time to establish, resulting in lower yields during the beginning of this conversion. How carbon and nutrient cycling change during the conversion from conventional to organic agriculture is not well understood, but it may help us to understand, and eventually reduce, the yield gap. Here, we studied how carbon and nitrogen cycling change when converting conventional agricultural systems into organic agricultural systems. We used a hronosequenceapproach, where we collected soil samples from 37 organic fields, on both sand and clay soils, that have been converted from conventional to organic agriculture between 1 to 40 years ago and from neighboring conventional fields. Under controlled conditions we measured potential rates of carbon and nitrogen mineralization. Potential carbon mineralization and substrate induced respiration were higher in organic soils, but there was no effect of time since conversion. This might be explained by variation in abiotic factors such as soil organicmatter content. We use our data to unravel how fast ecosystem processes change after the conversion of conventional into organic farming systems. Our findings will yield important insights how the performance of soil communities is changed during transition and this will help us to understand changes in crop yield.",

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T1 - Carbon and nutrient cycling in organic agriculture: a chronosequence approach

AU - van Rijssel, Sophie

AU - Koorneef, G.J.

AU - Koetsenruijter, Gijs

AU - Schrama, Mels

AU - van der Putten, W.H.

AU - Veen, Ciska G.F.

PY - 2018/6

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N2 - A key challenge is to increase sustainability in agriculture without yield loss. Organic agriculture uses no chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Instead, yield depends on nutrients released from organic inputs, and thereby on soil communities that drive soil carbon and nutrient cycling. However, these soil communities may need time to establish, resulting in lower yields during the beginning of this conversion. How carbon and nutrient cycling change during the conversion from conventional to organic agriculture is not well understood, but it may help us to understand, and eventually reduce, the yield gap. Here, we studied how carbon and nitrogen cycling change when converting conventional agricultural systems into organic agricultural systems. We used a hronosequenceapproach, where we collected soil samples from 37 organic fields, on both sand and clay soils, that have been converted from conventional to organic agriculture between 1 to 40 years ago and from neighboring conventional fields. Under controlled conditions we measured potential rates of carbon and nitrogen mineralization. Potential carbon mineralization and substrate induced respiration were higher in organic soils, but there was no effect of time since conversion. This might be explained by variation in abiotic factors such as soil organicmatter content. We use our data to unravel how fast ecosystem processes change after the conversion of conventional into organic farming systems. Our findings will yield important insights how the performance of soil communities is changed during transition and this will help us to understand changes in crop yield.

AB - A key challenge is to increase sustainability in agriculture without yield loss. Organic agriculture uses no chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Instead, yield depends on nutrients released from organic inputs, and thereby on soil communities that drive soil carbon and nutrient cycling. However, these soil communities may need time to establish, resulting in lower yields during the beginning of this conversion. How carbon and nutrient cycling change during the conversion from conventional to organic agriculture is not well understood, but it may help us to understand, and eventually reduce, the yield gap. Here, we studied how carbon and nitrogen cycling change when converting conventional agricultural systems into organic agricultural systems. We used a hronosequenceapproach, where we collected soil samples from 37 organic fields, on both sand and clay soils, that have been converted from conventional to organic agriculture between 1 to 40 years ago and from neighboring conventional fields. Under controlled conditions we measured potential rates of carbon and nitrogen mineralization. Potential carbon mineralization and substrate induced respiration were higher in organic soils, but there was no effect of time since conversion. This might be explained by variation in abiotic factors such as soil organicmatter content. We use our data to unravel how fast ecosystem processes change after the conversion of conventional into organic farming systems. Our findings will yield important insights how the performance of soil communities is changed during transition and this will help us to understand changes in crop yield.

M3 - Abstract

ER -