Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis

TY - JOUR

T1 - Defective RNA Particles of Plant Viruses—Origin, Structure and Role in Pathogenesis

AU - Budzyńska, Daria

AU - Zwart, Mark P.

AU - Hasiów-Jaroszewska, Beata

N1 - Data archiving: No data

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - The genomes of RNA viruses may be monopartite or multipartite, and sub-genomic particles such as defective RNAs (D RNAs) or satellite RNAs (satRNAs) can be associated with some of them. D RNAs are small, deletion mutants of a virus that have lost essential functions for independent replication, encapsidation and/or movement. D RNAs are common elements associated with human and animal viruses, and they have been described for numerous plant viruses so far. Over 30 years of studies on D RNAs allow for some general conclusions to be drawn. First, the essential condition for D RNA formation is prolonged passaging of the virus at a high cellular multiplicity of infection (MOI) in one host. Second, recombination plays crucial roles in D RNA formation. Moreover, during virus propagation, D RNAs evolve, and the composition of the particle depends on, e.g., host plant, virus isolate or number of passages. Defective RNAs are often engaged in transient interactions with full-length viruses—they can modulate accumulation, infection dynamics and virulence, and are widely used, i.e., as a tool for research on cis-acting elements crucial for viral replication. Nevertheless, many questions regarding the generation and role of D RNAs in pathogenesis remain open. In this review, we summarise the knowledge about D RNAs of plant viruses obtained so far.

AB - The genomes of RNA viruses may be monopartite or multipartite, and sub-genomic particles such as defective RNAs (D RNAs) or satellite RNAs (satRNAs) can be associated with some of them. D RNAs are small, deletion mutants of a virus that have lost essential functions for independent replication, encapsidation and/or movement. D RNAs are common elements associated with human and animal viruses, and they have been described for numerous plant viruses so far. Over 30 years of studies on D RNAs allow for some general conclusions to be drawn. First, the essential condition for D RNA formation is prolonged passaging of the virus at a high cellular multiplicity of infection (MOI) in one host. Second, recombination plays crucial roles in D RNA formation. Moreover, during virus propagation, D RNAs evolve, and the composition of the particle depends on, e.g., host plant, virus isolate or number of passages. Defective RNAs are often engaged in transient interactions with full-length viruses—they can modulate accumulation, infection dynamics and virulence, and are widely used, i.e., as a tool for research on cis-acting elements crucial for viral replication. Nevertheless, many questions regarding the generation and role of D RNAs in pathogenesis remain open. In this review, we summarise the knowledge about D RNAs of plant viruses obtained so far.

KW - Defective Viruses/genetics

KW - Animals

KW - RNA Viruses/genetics

KW - RNA, Satellite

KW - Virus Replication

KW - Humans

KW - RNA, Viral/genetics

KW - Plant Viruses/genetics

KW - subviral particles

KW - plant viruses

KW - DI RNAs

KW - defective RNA particles

U2 - 10.3390/v14122814

DO - 10.3390/v14122814

M3 - Article

C2 - 36560818

SN - 1999-4915

VL - 14

JO - Viruses

JF - Viruses

IS - 12

M1 - 2814

ER -