Resilience and resistance to the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in centenarians: An age-continuous perspective

TY - JOUR

T1 - Resilience and resistance to the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in centenarians

T2 - An age-continuous perspective

AU - Zhang, Meng

AU - Ganz, Andrea B

AU - Rohde, Susan

AU - Rozemuller, Annemieke J M

AU - Netherlands Brain Bank, null

AU - Reinders, Marcel J T

AU - Scheltens, Philip

AU - Hulsman, Marc

AU - Hoozemans, Jeroen J M

AU - Holstege, Henne

N1 - © 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - INTRODUCTION: With increasing age, neuropathological substrates associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) accumulate in brains of cognitively healthy individuals-are they resilient, or resistant to AD-associated neuropathologies?METHODS: In 85 centenarian brains, we correlated NIA (amyloid) stages, Braak (neurofibrillary tangle) stages, and CERAD (neuritic plaque) scores with cognitive performance close to death as determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. We assessed centenarian brains against 2131 brains from AD patients, non-AD demented, and non-demented individuals in an age continuum ranging from 16 to 100+ years.RESULTS: With age, brains from non-demented individuals reached the NIA and Braak stages observed in AD patients, while CERAD scores remained lower. In centenarians, NIA stages varied (22.4% were the highest stage 3), Braak stages rarely exceeded stage IV (5.9% were V), and CERAD scores rarely exceeded 2 (4.7% were 3); within these distributions, we observed no correlation with the MMSE (NIA: P = 0.60; Braak: P = 0.08; CERAD: P = 0.16).DISCUSSION: Cognitive health can be maintained despite the accumulation of high levels of AD-related neuropathological substrates.HIGHLIGHTS: Cognitively healthy elderly have AD neuropathology levels similar to AD patients. AD neuropathology loads do not correlate with cognitive performance in centenarians. Some centenarians are resilient to the highest levels of AD neuropathology.

AB - INTRODUCTION: With increasing age, neuropathological substrates associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) accumulate in brains of cognitively healthy individuals-are they resilient, or resistant to AD-associated neuropathologies?METHODS: In 85 centenarian brains, we correlated NIA (amyloid) stages, Braak (neurofibrillary tangle) stages, and CERAD (neuritic plaque) scores with cognitive performance close to death as determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. We assessed centenarian brains against 2131 brains from AD patients, non-AD demented, and non-demented individuals in an age continuum ranging from 16 to 100+ years.RESULTS: With age, brains from non-demented individuals reached the NIA and Braak stages observed in AD patients, while CERAD scores remained lower. In centenarians, NIA stages varied (22.4% were the highest stage 3), Braak stages rarely exceeded stage IV (5.9% were V), and CERAD scores rarely exceeded 2 (4.7% were 3); within these distributions, we observed no correlation with the MMSE (NIA: P = 0.60; Braak: P = 0.08; CERAD: P = 0.16).DISCUSSION: Cognitive health can be maintained despite the accumulation of high levels of AD-related neuropathological substrates.HIGHLIGHTS: Cognitively healthy elderly have AD neuropathology levels similar to AD patients. AD neuropathology loads do not correlate with cognitive performance in centenarians. Some centenarians are resilient to the highest levels of AD neuropathology.

U2 - 10.1002/alz.12899

DO - 10.1002/alz.12899

M3 - Article

C2 - 36583547

SN - 1552-5260

VL - 19

SP - 2831

EP - 2841

JO - Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

JF - Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

ER -