TY - JOUR
T1 - Snake Venom Gland Organoids
AU - Post, Yorick
AU - Puschhof, Jens
AU - Beumer, Joep
AU - Kerkkamp, Harald M
AU - de Bakker, Merijn A G
AU - Slagboom, Julien
AU - de Barbanson, Buys
AU - Wevers, Nienke R
AU - Spijkers, Xandor M
AU - Olivier, Thomas
AU - Kazandjian, Taline D
AU - Ainsworth, Stuart
AU - Iglesias, Carmen Lopez
AU - van de Wetering, Willine J
AU - Heinz, Maria C
AU - van Ineveld, Ravian L
AU - van Kleef, Regina G D M
AU - Begthel, Harry
AU - Korving, Jeroen
AU - Bar-Ephraim, Yotam E
AU - Getreuer, Walter
AU - Rios, Anne C
AU - Westerink, Remco H S
AU - Snippert, Hugo J G
AU - van Oudenaarden, Alexander
AU - Peters, Peter J
AU - Vonk, Freek J
AU - Kool, Jeroen
AU - Richardson, Michael K
AU - Casewell, Nicholas R
AU - Clevers, Hans
N1 - Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/1/23
Y1 - 2020/1/23
N2 - Wnt dependency and Lgr5 expression define multiple mammalian epithelial stem cell types. Under defined growth factor conditions, such adult stem cells (ASCs) grow as 3D organoids that recapitulate essential features of the pertinent epithelium. Here, we establish long-term expanding venom gland organoids from several snake species. The newly assembled transcriptome of the Cape coral snake reveals that organoids express high levels of toxin transcripts. Single-cell RNA sequencing of both organoids and primary tissue identifies distinct venom-expressing cell types as well as proliferative cells expressing homologs of known mammalian stem cell markers. A hard-wired regional heterogeneity in the expression of individual venom components is maintained in organoid cultures. Harvested venom peptides reflect crude venom composition and display biological activity. This study extends organoid technology to reptilian tissues and describes an experimentally tractable model system representing the snake venom gland.
AB - Wnt dependency and Lgr5 expression define multiple mammalian epithelial stem cell types. Under defined growth factor conditions, such adult stem cells (ASCs) grow as 3D organoids that recapitulate essential features of the pertinent epithelium. Here, we establish long-term expanding venom gland organoids from several snake species. The newly assembled transcriptome of the Cape coral snake reveals that organoids express high levels of toxin transcripts. Single-cell RNA sequencing of both organoids and primary tissue identifies distinct venom-expressing cell types as well as proliferative cells expressing homologs of known mammalian stem cell markers. A hard-wired regional heterogeneity in the expression of individual venom components is maintained in organoid cultures. Harvested venom peptides reflect crude venom composition and display biological activity. This study extends organoid technology to reptilian tissues and describes an experimentally tractable model system representing the snake venom gland.
U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.038
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.038
M3 - Article
C2 - 31978343
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 180
SP - 233-247.e21
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 2
ER -